Toward a theory of high reliability for natural gas distribution utilities

High-reliability organizations facilitate the reliable accomplishment of high-risk goals while avoiding catastrophe. Our paper evaluates natural gas utilities in United States against features high-reliability organization (HRO) theory. We ask: 1) How is organizational theory applicable to infrastructure? And 2) might hazards be reconsidered using HRO models industrial organization? conclude that are not high reliability but a period transition toward becoming HROs. conclusions cautionary, noting expanded use this energy source poses substantial environmental and societal risks under present circumstances.